/* =========================================
   Research Loading Screen
   ========================================= */
.research-loading-screen {
    position: fixed;
    inset: 0;
    z-index: 10000;
    display: grid;
    place-items: center;
    padding: 1.5rem;
    background:
        radial-gradient(circle at 14% 18%, rgba(94, 244, 190, 0.24), transparent 40%),
        radial-gradient(circle at 85% 80%, rgba(117, 191, 255, 0.22), transparent 38%),
        linear-gradient(130deg, #07141a 0%, #0b2a28 45%, #143f32 100%);
    overflow: hidden;
    transition: opacity 0.58s ease, visibility 0.58s ease;
}

.research-loading-screen::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    inset: 0;
    background:
        linear-gradient(
            rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.035) 0,
            rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.035) 1px,
            transparent 1px,
            transparent 28px
        );
    opacity: 0.45;
    pointer-events: none;
}

.research-loading-screen::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 50%;
    left: 50%;
    width: 200vmax;
    height: 200vmax;
    margin-top: -100vmax;
    margin-left: -100vmax;
    background: conic-gradient(
        from 130deg,
        transparent 0deg,
        rgba(120, 246, 195, 0.18) 44deg,
        transparent 82deg,
        rgba(122, 198, 255, 0.2) 136deg,
        transparent 205deg,
        rgba(120, 246, 195, 0.12) 298deg,
        transparent 360deg
    );
    animation: researchLoadingGlow 9s linear infinite;
    pointer-events: none;
}

.research-loading-screen.is-hidden {
    opacity: 0;
    visibility: hidden;
    pointer-events: none;
}

.research-loader-panel {
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1;
    width: min(100%, 430px);
    border-radius: 24px;
    padding: 1.8rem 1.4rem 1.4rem;
    background: rgba(4, 20, 18, 0.68);
    border: 1px solid rgba(154, 243, 201, 0.28);
    box-shadow: 0 24px 56px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.42), inset 0 0 0 1px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.04);
    backdrop-filter: blur(14px);
    -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(14px);
    text-align: center;
}

.research-loader-mesh {
    position: relative;
    width: 184px;
    height: 184px;
    margin: 0 auto 1.3rem;
    border-radius: 50%;
    display: grid;
    place-items: center;
}

.research-loader-mesh::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    inset: 14px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    border: 1px solid rgba(137, 255, 202, 0.34);
    box-shadow: inset 0 0 25px rgba(108, 243, 181, 0.2);
    animation: researchLoadingOrbit 5.6s linear infinite;
}

.research-loader-mesh::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    inset: 0;
    border-radius: 50%;
    border: 1px dashed rgba(151, 212, 255, 0.42);
    animation: researchLoadingOrbitReverse 8.2s linear infinite;
}

.research-loader-core {
    width: 64px;
    height: 64px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background: radial-gradient(circle at 35% 30%, #ddffe6 0%, #50e390 42%, #0f855e 100%);
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 10px rgba(106, 239, 177, 0.1), 0 0 26px rgba(95, 236, 166, 0.55);
    position: relative;
    animation: researchLoadingPulse 2.1s ease-in-out infinite;
}

.research-loader-core::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    inset: 16px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background: rgba(8, 61, 40, 0.42);
    box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 1px rgba(204, 255, 231, 0.28);
}

.research-loader-node {
    position: absolute;
    top: 50%;
    left: 50%;
    width: 12px;
    height: 12px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background: #c5f9e1;
    box-shadow: 0 0 12px rgba(149, 250, 205, 0.7);
    transform: translate(-50%, -50%) rotate(var(--angle)) translateX(var(--distance));
    animation: researchLoadingNode 2.2s ease-in-out infinite var(--delay);
}

.research-loader-title {
    margin: 0;
    color: #ecfff4;
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: 0.02em;
}

.research-loader-subtitle {
    margin: 0.52rem 0 0.95rem;
    color: rgba(226, 255, 242, 0.82);
    font-size: 0.93rem;
}

.research-loader-track {
    position: relative;
    width: 100%;
    height: 5px;
    border-radius: 999px;
    overflow: hidden;
    background: rgba(189, 250, 225, 0.18);
}

.research-loader-track::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    bottom: 0;
    left: -32%;
    width: 32%;
    border-radius: inherit;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(84, 237, 165, 0) 0%, rgba(132, 255, 211, 0.88) 40%, rgba(112, 199, 255, 0.88) 100%);
    animation: researchLoadingFlow 1.65s ease-in-out infinite;
}

.main-content-custom.research-content {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(16px);
    transition: opacity 0.58s ease, transform 0.58s ease;
}

.main-content-custom.research-content::before,
.main-content-custom.research-content::after {
    display: none;
}

.main-content-custom.research-content.is-visible {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateY(0);
}

@keyframes researchLoadingGlow {
    from {
        transform: rotate(0deg);
    }
    to {
        transform: rotate(360deg);
    }
}

@keyframes researchLoadingOrbit {
    from {
        transform: rotate(0deg);
    }
    to {
        transform: rotate(360deg);
    }
}

@keyframes researchLoadingOrbitReverse {
    from {
        transform: rotate(360deg);
    }
    to {
        transform: rotate(0deg);
    }
}

@keyframes researchLoadingPulse {
    0%,
    100% {
        transform: scale(1);
    }
    50% {
        transform: scale(1.09);
    }
}

@keyframes researchLoadingNode {
    0%,
    100% {
        transform: translate(-50%, -50%) rotate(var(--angle)) translateX(var(--distance)) scale(0.7);
        opacity: 0.45;
    }
    50% {
        transform: translate(-50%, -50%) rotate(var(--angle)) translateX(calc(var(--distance) + 5px)) scale(1.1);
        opacity: 1;
    }
}

@keyframes researchLoadingFlow {
    from {
        left: -32%;
    }
    to {
        left: 100%;
    }
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
    .research-loading-screen,
    .main-content-custom.research-content {
        transition: none;
    }

    .research-loading-screen::after,
    .research-loader-mesh::before,
    .research-loader-mesh::after,
    .research-loader-core,
    .research-loader-node,
    .research-loader-track::after {
        animation: none;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .research-loader-panel {
        padding: 1.55rem 1rem 1.15rem;
    }

    .research-loader-mesh {
        width: 158px;
        height: 158px;
    }

    .research-loader-title {
        font-size: 1.06rem;
    }

    .research-loader-subtitle {
        font-size: 0.86rem;
    }
}

/* =========================================
   Research Page
   ========================================= */
.research-page {
    padding-top: 9rem;
}

.research-hero {
    background: linear-gradient(140deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.96) 0%, rgba(232, 246, 219, 0.98) 100%);
    border: 1px solid rgba(22, 163, 74, 0.18);
    box-shadow: 0 18px 36px rgba(14, 92, 35, 0.12);
    border-radius: 24px;
    padding: 2rem;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

.research-kicker {
    color: #2a7f3f;
    font-weight: 700;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.research-hero h1 {
    font-size: clamp(1.6rem, 2.7vw, 2.4rem);
    color: #1e6a35;
    margin-bottom: 0.9rem;
    font-weight: 800;
}

.research-lead {
    font-size: 1.05rem;
    color: #2f4a35;
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

.research-card {
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.94);
    border: 1px solid rgba(47, 134, 66, 0.16);
    box-shadow: 0 14px 26px rgba(20, 88, 37, 0.09);
    border-radius: 20px;
    padding: 1.5rem;
    margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
}

.research-card h2 {
    margin: 0 0 1rem;
    text-align: left;
    color: #1f6f39;
    font-size: 1.45rem;
}

.research-card h3 {
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    color: #2f7b43;
    margin-top: 1rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.55rem;
}

.research-doc-card {
    background: linear-gradient(150deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.97) 0%, rgba(243, 252, 238, 0.98) 100%);
    border-color: rgba(26, 128, 58, 0.24);
    box-shadow: 0 14px 28px rgba(13, 91, 38, 0.11);
}

.research-doc-header {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.75rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.8rem;
}

.research-doc-header h2 {
    margin: 0;
}

.research-doc-pill {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.3rem;
    padding: 0.22rem 0.62rem;
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: rgba(28, 136, 60, 0.12);
    border: 1px solid rgba(29, 121, 58, 0.3);
    color: #205f32;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: 0.04em;
}

.research-doc-meta {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.45rem 0.7rem;
    margin: 0;
    color: #2d5136;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
}

.research-doc-tag {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.3rem;
    background: rgba(232, 248, 236, 0.95);
    border: 1px solid rgba(29, 121, 58, 0.22);
    border-radius: 10px;
    padding: 0.22rem 0.62rem;
    font-size: 0.86rem;
    color: #246139;
}

.research-doc-actions {
    margin-top: 1rem;
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 0.65rem;
}

.research-doc-link {
    position: relative;
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 0.35rem;
    min-height: 44px;
    min-width: 190px;
    border-radius: 14px;
    font-weight: 600;
    line-height: 1;
    padding: 0.78rem 1.28rem;
    text-decoration: none;
    border: 1px solid transparent;
    transition: transform 0.15s ease, box-shadow 0.15s ease, background-color 0.2s ease, border-color 0.2s ease, border-radius 0.2s ease;
}

.research-doc-link:hover {
    transform: translateY(-1px);
    color: #fff;
}

.research-doc-link-primary {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #2e9d4f 0%, #1e7e3f 58%, #166834 100%);
    border-color: rgba(16, 99, 41, 0.85);
    color: #f7fff8;
    box-shadow: 0 8px 18px rgba(18, 89, 41, 0.24), inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25);
}

.research-doc-link-primary:hover {
    box-shadow: 0 10px 22px rgba(18, 89, 41, 0.28), inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.24);
}

.research-doc-link-secondary {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(241, 251, 245, 0.95) 0%, rgba(223, 244, 230, 0.98) 100%);
    border-color: rgba(29, 121, 58, 0.34);
    color: #206436;
    box-shadow: 0 8px 18px rgba(18, 89, 41, 0.12);
}

.research-doc-link-secondary:hover {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(46, 157, 79, 0.9) 0%, rgba(28, 120, 61, 0.95) 100%);
    border-color: rgba(16, 99, 41, 0.88);
    box-shadow: 0 10px 22px rgba(18, 89, 41, 0.24);
}

.research-doc-link:focus-visible {
    outline: 3px solid rgba(68, 183, 100, 0.45);
    outline-offset: 2px;
}

.toc-grid ul {
    margin-bottom: 0;
    padding-left: 1.15rem;
}

.toc-grid li {
    margin-bottom: 0.42rem;
    color: #2f4334;
}

.research-highlight {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(231, 246, 221, 0.95) 0%, rgba(242, 252, 236, 0.95) 100%);
    border: 1px solid rgba(22, 163, 74, 0.18);
    border-radius: 14px;
    padding: 1rem;
    height: 100%;
}

.research-highlight h3 {
    margin-top: 0;
}

.research-visual-main {
    background: rgba(245, 252, 240, 0.96);
    border: 1px solid rgba(28, 126, 54, 0.16);
    border-radius: 16px;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.research-visual-architecture {
    margin-left: auto;
    margin-right: auto;
}

.research-visual-main img {
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    display: block;
}

.research-visual-caption {
    color: #2f4b37;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    padding: 0.9rem 1rem 1rem;
}

.research-image-card {
    height: 100%;
    background: linear-gradient(140deg, rgba(248, 253, 244, 0.99) 0%, rgba(234, 247, 223, 0.98) 100%);
    border: 1px solid rgba(22, 163, 74, 0.16);
    border-radius: 16px;
    overflow: hidden;
    box-shadow: 0 10px 20px rgba(19, 102, 41, 0.08);
}

.research-image-card img {
    width: 100%;
    aspect-ratio: 16 / 10;
    object-fit: cover;
    display: block;
    background: #e8f4df;
}

.research-image-zoomable {
    cursor: zoom-in;
    transition: transform 0.22s ease, filter 0.22s ease;
    touch-action: manipulation;
    -webkit-touch-callout: none;
    user-select: none;
    -webkit-user-select: none;
}

.research-image-card:hover .research-image-zoomable,
.research-visual-main:hover .research-image-zoomable {
    transform: scale(1.01);
    filter: brightness(1.03);
}

.research-image-zoomable:focus-visible {
    outline: 3px solid #65c670;
    outline-offset: 2px;
}

.research-image-caption {
    padding: 0.9rem 1rem 1rem;
}

.research-image-caption h3 {
    margin: 0 0 0.45rem;
    font-size: 1rem;
    color: #1f6f39;
}

.research-image-caption p {
    margin: 0;
    color: #36503d;
    font-size: 0.92rem;
    line-height: 1.5;
}

.research-image-modal .modal-content {
    background: rgba(16, 30, 20, 0.42);
    border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.18);
    border-radius: 16px;
}

.modal-backdrop.research-image-backdrop {
    --bs-backdrop-bg: #0b1a12;
    --bs-backdrop-opacity: 0.22;
    background-color: var(--bs-backdrop-bg);
    opacity: var(--bs-backdrop-opacity);
}

.research-image-modal .modal-dialog {
    margin: 0.75rem auto;
}

.research-image-modal .modal-body {
    padding: 1.2rem;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    justify-content: center;
}

.research-modal-image-frame {
    position: relative;
    width: fit-content;
    max-width: 100%;
    margin: 0 auto;
}

#researchModalImage {
    max-height: 78vh;
    width: auto;
    max-width: 100%;
    display: block;
    margin: 0;
    object-fit: contain;
    border-radius: 12px;
    box-shadow: 0 12px 34px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.45);
}

.research-image-modal-caption {
    margin-top: 0.8rem;
    color: #e9f6ea;
}

.research-image-modal-caption h3 {
    margin: 0;
    font-size: 1.02rem;
    color: #f0fff0;
}

.research-image-modal-caption p {
    margin: 0.35rem 0 0;
    color: #d4e9d6;
    font-size: 0.92rem;
}

@media (min-width: 992px) {
    .research-visual-architecture {
        max-width: 860px;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .research-page {
        padding-top: 8rem;
    }

    .research-hero,
    .research-card {
        padding: 1.2rem;
    }

    .research-image-card img {
        aspect-ratio: 4 / 3;
    }

    .research-image-modal .modal-dialog {
        margin: 0;
    }

    .research-image-modal .modal-content {
        min-height: 100dvh;
        border-radius: 0;
        border-width: 0;
    }

    .research-image-modal .modal-body {
        padding: calc(0.95rem + env(safe-area-inset-top, 0px)) 0.9rem calc(0.95rem + env(safe-area-inset-bottom, 0px));
    }

    #researchModalImage {
        width: 100%;
        max-height: calc(100dvh - 190px);
        border-radius: 10px;
    }

    .research-doc-meta {
        flex-direction: column;
        align-items: flex-start;
    }

    .research-doc-actions {
        gap: 0.5rem;
    }

    .research-doc-actions .research-doc-link {
        width: 100%;
    }
}